Map with Plate Boundaries, Shearing, Compression, Tension and Location of Major Faults Lines

So a quick introduction to all of these aspects of the earth's movement:
Shearing= Stress that pushes a mass of rock in the opposite direction. It can cause the rock to break and slip apart or change it's shape.
Compression= The stress force called compression squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. One plate pushing against another is compression.
Tensions= The stress force called tension pulls on the crust stretching it so it becomes thinner in the middle. Tension is when two plates move apart.
Fault Lines= Usually occur along plate boundaries (where 2 plates meet) it is when the rock cracks due to stress.
So what I found is that in places of Compression and Shearing a lot of Major Fault lines were located but not so much in places with tension, which is something I found slightly odd. Some of the location with Major Fault lines are:
Turkey- North Anatolian Fault/East Anatolian Fault
Chile - Liquine-Ofqui Fault
New Zealand to Indonesia- Macquarie Fault Zone
Pakistan and Afghanistan- Charman Fault
California- San Jacinto Fault Zone/ Calaveras Fault
Guatemala- Chixoy-Polochic Fault/ Motagua Fault
Japan- Itoigawa- Shizuoka
All these places are marked in orange, and as you can see on the map, the places that are marked in orange are mostly along plate boundaries and on earthquake regions, which is pretty non-surprising that there are major fault lines there. Also in green I circled the top 3 places that that have had major earthquakes since 1990, these include Kangra, India- 8.6, San Fransisco-7.8, Messina, Italy- 7.5.
<--- This is the map of Earthquakes

SciLinks

In our science text book there is a little box on the right-hand side of the page 47 is a website link that has lot's of other links to sites we could visit on the site: http://www.thetech.org/exhibits_events/online/quakes/faults/ I found some interesting facts:
Did you know?
1.The Pacific plate is moving to the northwest at a rate of about 4 inches per year.
2.Perhaps the earliest seismograph was invented in China A.D. 136 by a m an named Choko.
3.This early eastern seismoscope consisted of a copper vessel with eight dragon heads attached to it, positioned above eight frogs.
4.A well known fault is the San Andreas Fault which separates the Pacific plate from the North American plate. The Pacific plate has San Fransicso and Los Angeles on it, while the North American plate contains the rest of California and the U.S.
5.Earthquake intensities are rated with Roman numerals ranging from I (not felt) to XII (buildings nearly destroyed). This Mercalli scale is from the Loma Prieta earthquake in the Santa Cruz mountains in California.

6. The Richter magnitude scale was orginally developed by Charles Richter and Beno Gutenberg to make more quantitative measures of the relative sizes of earthquakes in southern California. Today, modified versions of the scale are used to measure earthquakes throughout the world.

Wave Stimulator Discoveries

Check out what happens to the wavelength as you increase or decrease wind across the ocean surface.
The wavelength decreases as the drops get faster or more frequent.

What about wave speed and intensity? It was more intense as the drops got more frequent because the waves were closer together.
Think back to the experiment we did with the ropes and slinkies, less energy, longer wavelength, right? Yes, because since the waves are slower the distance between the incident and next wave it further away.
I found the wave simulator very interesting. It helped me see how waves travel through different mediums. The types of waves included light, water and sound. What I found interesting is that when the inducer of waves for sound was turned off, it took a sufficient amount of time until the waves came to a complete stop.
If you would like to try out the Wave Simulator then click this link: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/wave-interference

Lab Testing Wave Interaction

Waves Lab- Testing Wave Interaction Maria Los, 1/15/10.7A

I. GUIDING QUESTION: How does an object lying on the water interact with a wave?
II.HYPOTHESIS: I think that the object will travel over the wave, almost going up and down but not moving in any direction. The same thing that happens when a boat is tied to the dock and there are small waves, making the boat bob up and down.

III. Exploration:
Materials:
· A rectangular tub
· A small float toy ( For this experiment I used a whale)
· Water
· Pencil
· A thick marker (the dry erase kind work the best)
. Your MYP Science Notebook
Procedure:
1. Take the rectangular tub and fill it up with about 1.5/2 inches of water.
2. Then place the rubber float toy in the middle of the tub.
3. Using the marker tap the water making waves and vary the speed of the waves.
4. Also try moving and tapping the marker closer and further away from the object.
5. Record all your discoveries.

IV. RECORD & ANALYZE: I found that when simply tapping the water slowly the object just went up and down in a stationary place, but as I quickened the pace the object started to move,the opposite direction from where the incident happened. But when I brought the pen up close to an object at a fast pace, it made they object move to the other side of the tub rapidly. Then when I moved the pen further away from the object at a face pace it moved but not quite as rapidly. The same thing happened when I tapped the marker at a slow pace at a further distance it made the object hardly moved but when I brought pen closer the object moved, not at a terribly fast pace but more then when it was at a distance.

A. Data Tables:

Test Number	Speed	Distance	Effect
1	Slow	Far	The object moves quickly but not as rapidly as possible.
2	Fast	Far	The object moves rapidly to the other side of the tank.
3	Slow	Close	When I tapped the water with a marker close to the object but slowly the object moved but so slowly that it was hardly noticeable.
4	Fast	Close	When I tapped the water with a marker close to the object but at a fast pace the object moved slightly so that it inched its way to the other side of the tub at somewhat of a snail speed.

To further understand the experiment I have drawn a little diagram of what should happen:


C. Analysis of Data: From the collection of this data I have figured that depending on the distance from the source to the object and the speed of the wave plus where the incidence is in terms of direction, the object will be pushed in a certain direction. It almost acts like power to the object, a good example would be a boat in the water when it is a windy day.

IV. Concept Acquisition (CONCLUSION): So now does an object laying on the water interact with the waves? According to the data we found waves interact with an object on the surface by making it move one way or another. The only variables that are changed in this are the speed and distance that is what effects how fast the object moves. From the experiment I have run I can conclude that waves interact with whatever object lies on the surface, it interacts with it by making the object move. If this wasn’t true then boats would not be affected by the big waves that are made during a storm that is another way waves interact with objects on the surface.
My prediction was partly correct because when the object was being pushed by very far away waves that were quite slow did in fact move so slightly that they appeared to be going only up and down.

V. Concept Application (FURTHER INQUIRY): I think if there is anything wrong with my data it would probably be due to be actually performing the experiment incorrectly, but I don’t think my data is incorrect. Something I could do next time is maybe test different objects to see how they react to a wave. Something I could look into further is does the shape or length of an object effect how it travels over the water when there are waves? Is it simply the same or does it somehow effect it?

What happens when a wave hits a surface?

During with project I was partnered with Adrian, we experimented to see what would happen when a wave hits the surface. To find the answer to this question we used a piece of paper which we laid right next to the wall. This paper we used to track our findings, we first tried using marker but it turned out that we weren't being very accurate while trying to follow the ball. So instead of using marker we simply wet the ball and using the marks it made on the paper, drew it's path. To conduct this experiment we rolled a ball against the wall and let it bounce back. What we found out it that is you roll the ball at a certain angle it would rebound in the opposite direction. Almost like a reflection and if you look at the diagram below it pretty much explained what happened except it was a wave to really a ray and instead of a mirror there was a wall:
All the wave paths generally looked like this except for if we rolled it at a straighter angle, if this happened the angle would not be as big and it would be more like a straight back and forth line. Another variable that made the answer different was the power with which we threw it. The harder we rolled it the harder it would ricochet back making it a full line to the wall and back. Yet of we threw it with less force it would make the ball go slower and it would sometimes stop halfway through the paper. So, to conclude when a wave hits a surface it will ricochet back, and the force and length of it coming back depend on power and angle. The proper names for these angles is the Angle of Incidence, the angle which actually goes towards the "barrier", and the reflection is called the Reflected ray. These rays follow the law of reflection which is for every angle of incidence there is a angle of reflection.

Relfection on Mini Wave Experiment.

How do waves interact in a tub of water with?
No barriers
One barrier
Two barriers

We filled a low, shallow tub with about two cups of water, we then used our fingers to make the wave and pieces of clay were used as barriers. During this experiment we noticed many different things and in the picture below you can see some of our observations:
If you cane see, the black dot stands for the source of the wave, the wi-fi or ripple type lines are supposed to be the wave and how to interacts with whatever other wave is inside te water and last but not least there is the blocks which are supposed to be the barrier. As you can see in these sketches, especially in sketch number 2,6 and 11 is that these waves, when interacting without a barrier simply intersect and the try to continue on, almost on top of each other. When two waves interact with two waves you usually see that the wave gets up to about the barrier, the wave that can make it through the middle goes through the middle and the remaining waves bounces back. Now when there is one barrier and one wave you can see that usually part of the wave that is not hitting the barrier will continue on in a smaller wave but the part that is hitting the barrier does travel back. So when you conclude you see that waves travel back when they interact with something and that is when they continue on in smaller waves. But when waves interact they simply smother each other.